Manufacture of artificial textile products



Patented May 8, 1928:.

UNITED STATES 1,669,158 PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY DREYIEUS, OF LONDON;ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL TEXTILE YRODUOTS.

Io Drawing. Application filed may as, 1923,, Serial No. 641,760, and in Great Britain my a, 1923.,

This invention relates .to the manufacture of artificial threads or filaments from solutions of cellulose acetate, or other organic esters of cellulose, ethyl or methyl cellulose hereinafter all included in the term organic derivative of cellulose or-other ethers of cellulose, by the evaporative or dry-spinning method, that is to say wherein such solutions are spun into an evaporating at mosphere'of air or other gas and the threads or filaments solidify by evaporation of the solvent carried by the threads or filaments.-

' The invention is more particularly intended for the manufacture of threads or filaments of cellulose acetate bysuch processesr In dry spinning solutions of cellulose" acetate or other organic cellulose esters or ethers such as referred to, in the solvents commonly employed, such as" acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, and so forth,

the relatively high temperatures of the air or other gaseous current passed throu h the metiers or spinning-casings to solidifythe filaments or threads, may tend to cause the filaments to set or shrink too suddenly or more or less irregularly, so that unevenness containing solvents of very low boiling points, the spinning can be effected at lower temperatures, and amore regular evaporation of the solventfrom the solidifying filament can be obtained. Such very low boiling solvents are for example acetaldehyde or formaldehyde. Mixtures of two or more of the very low boiling solvents may be employed. The mixtures may have a higher solvent power for the cellulose derivative than the separate solvents.

The low boiling solvent or solvents are preferably'employed in association with the usual solvents or other solvents or liquids having higher boiling points than the very low boiling solvents, as in this way, while a outto a more regular form.

relatively w temperature may be employed for the evaporation of the filaments, uniform evaporation and formation of the fila-' ments can take place so that they may draw T e low boillow boiling solvents.

now been found that by employing spinning solutions of the cellulose acetate or other organic derivatives of cellulose in or ing solvents may however be employed with out such other solvents.

-By way of example I may employ spinning solutions of cellulose acetate dissolved 1n a mixture of acetone with acetaldehyde or formaldehyde (e.- g. commercial formaldehyde solution), or with both acetaldehyde and formaldehyde (e. g. commercial formaldehyde solution). The proportion of the acetone relatively to the acetaldehyde or other very low boiling solvent or solvents.

may vary according to requirement. 'Instead of a'cetaldehyde' or formaldehyde, other solvents of the cellulose ester or ether having very low boiling points may be employed, and instead of acetone other solvents of the cellulose ester or ether may be employed having higher boiling points than the With such mixtures the acetaldehyde, formaldehyde or other low boiling solvent or solvents may evaporate more rapidly than the acetone or other solvent or higher boiling point, so that a progressively decreasing rate of evaporation and consequent solidification of the filaments in their travel can take place, thereby facilitating the production of more regular filaments or threads.

According to the invention also, the liquid .or liquids of very low boiling oint and the liquid or liquids of higher boiling point need not necessarily be separately solvents of the cellulose ester-or. ether, provided'that' a'mixture of them is a solvent therefor.

It has further been found that the forma-,

tion of filaments or threads by the dry-spim ning or evaporative method from solution of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or e thers in the very. low boiling solvents or liquids such for instance as acetaldehyde or formaldehyde, or mixtures of them, canbe improved by the addition or employment of water in said solution. Such addition,

amongst other advantages, assists in controlling the speed of evaporation of the low boiling solvents in thesolidification of the filaments and improves the regularity of the filaments produced. By way of example one may employ solutions of cellulose facetate in acetaldehyde or other very low boiling solvent, or mixtures of them, diluted with water to a desired orsuitable extent, which shouldof course not be suflicient to precipitate the cellulose acetate but should preferably be a mixturein such propnptions as to give the best solvent. power.

eex-

tent of dilution may be varied according to the temperature at which the filaments or threads are produced or other requirements.

It is to be understood that water may like wise be added to or employed in solutions of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or ethers in the low boiling liquid or liquids associated with the usual solvents or liquids or others having a higher boiling point than the low boiling liquid or liquids.

The following are some examples of spinning solutions according to the invention, it being understood that these are given only by Way of illustration and that the constituents and proportions may be varied widely without departing from the invention.

(1) Cellulose acetate is dissolved in ac-' etaldehyde in quantity to form a 10-20% solution.

(2) A 10-20% solution of cellulose acetate is made in a mixture of acetaldehyde and acetone, the acetone amounting to from about one half to three fourths of the mixed solvent. J

(3) A solution similar to-(l) or (2) but having added to it about 540% of water calculated on the weight of the cellulose acetate.

Thesolut ions maybe spun at any suitable temperatures, which may vary according to Whether or not higher boiling solvents or liquids are employed together with the very low boiling solvents or liquids, and according to the amount of such higher boiling solvents or liquids. For example a solution in acetaldehyde alone may be spun at about ordinary atmospheric temperature, while solutions in mixtures of acetaldehyde and.

acetone, such as the solutions of example or (3), may be spun at somewhat higher tem peratures, increasing with the percentage of acetone contained in them.

lVhat I claim and desire to secure by Let- I ters Patent is 1. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising a low boiling organic compound having a boiling point below 40 C.

2. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising a low boiling organic compound having a boiling point below 40 C. and a volatile liquid having a higher boiling point.

3. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spin ning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising a low boiling organic compound having a boiling point below 40 C, and a volatile organic liquid having a higher boiling point.

4. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising a low boiling organic compound having a boiling point below 40 C; anda volatile organic liquid having a higher boiling point,- and water. j

5. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid com prisingan aliphatic aldehyde having a boiling point not higher than, about 21 C.

6. Process for the production of artificial filaments-or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solu- .tion containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising an aliphatic: aldehyde having a boiling point not higher than about 21 (3., and a volatile liquid having a higher boiling point. I

7. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere,- a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising an aliphatic aldehyde having a boiling point not higher than about 21 (1., and a volatile or anic liquid having a higher boiling point.

8. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising acetaldehyde and a volatile liquid having a higher boiling point.

11. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in'spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulosein solution in a solvent liquid comprising acetaldehyde and acetone.

45 a filaments or threads which consists inspin .n'mg into an evaporatlve atmosphere, a solu- 12. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporativeatmosphere, a solution containing an o'r'ganlc derivative'of cellulose in solution in a solvent liquid comprising acetaldehyde and acetone and water.

' 13. Process'for the production of artificial filaments or threadswhich consists in spinning into an .evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent liquid comprising a-l'ow boiling organic compound having a boiling point below C. g

' 14. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in'spinning into an evaporative' atmosphere, a solutioncontaining cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent liquid. comprising a low boiling organic compound having a boilingrpoint below 40 G; and a volatile liquidhaving a higher boiling point.

15, Process for the production of artificial 1 filaments or threads which consists in spintion containing cellulose acetate in solution- 1n a solvent liquid comprising a low boiling.

mng into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing cellulose acetate in solution ina solvent liquid comprising a'low, boili ng organic compound having a boiling point. below 40 C. and .a volatile organic hqu'id havin a higher-boiling point; 7

16. Process for the production of artificial filaments. or threads 3 which consists in spinning into an evaporative' atmosphere, a soluorganic compound 'havin a boiling oint below 40 C. and a V'OllltllB organicliquid.

- having a higher boiling point and-water.

17. Process for the producton'of artificial filaments or-threads which consists in-spinning 'into' an evaporative atmosphere, asolucellulose acetate in solution.

tion containing 1 in a solventhquid comprising an aliphatic aldehyde having than about 21 C.

18. Process for the .production of artificial tioncontaining cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent liquid comprising an ali hatio aldehyde having a boiling point not ing a higher boilin int.- 19. Process 8 PG for the production of artificial boilin point. a 24. i

her than about 21 G. and a volatile liquid avfilaments or threads which consists in spin ning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent hquid comprising an aliphatic aldehyde having a boiling point. not higher than about 21 C. and a volatile organic liquid having a hi her boiling point.

20. Process for t e production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent liquid comprising an ali hatic aldehyde having a boiling point not igher than about 211 C. and a volatile organic liquid having a higher boiling point and water. v

21. Process for the production of artificial filaments orthreads which consists in spin- -n1ng into an evaporative atmosphere, :1 sopoint. p

23-. Process for the production of artificial filaments or'threads which consists in spinning into an evapora'tive atmosphere, a solutionv containing cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent liquid comprising acetaldeh do and a volatile'organic liquid having ahig er rocess for the production of artificial filamentsior threads which'consists in spinning into an evaporative atmosphere, a solution containing cellulose acetate in solution in a solvent liquid-comprising acetaldehyde and acetone. a bolling polnt not higher 25. Process for the production of artificial filaments or threads which consists in spinning into an'evaporative atmosphere,- a solu tion containing cellulose acetate in solution and a volatile organic liquid having a hig er boiling point and water.

in a solvent liquid comprising acetaldeh de 7 In testimony whereof I. have hereunto subscribed my name.

mam DREYFUS. 

